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Rational reflection of faith in theology
Koch, Rudolf ; Salvet, Ondřej (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
The bachelor's thesis deals with theological reflection on the doctrine of the knowledge of the Christian faith. True knowledge is possible only with an understanding of the philosophical reason with which faith is interrelated. Reasonable thinking has its origins in the Greco-Roman wisdom of antiquity. The aim of the thesis is to describe theological teachings that deal with the search for truth from the time of ancient philosophy. The ancient books of the Old Testament describe, in the form of a distinction, the unity between the knowledge of faith and the intellectual knowledge of human truth. The fullness of truth has been perfected in the good news of Jesus and is accessible only in the light of faith. The main sources of faith are the testimonies of early christianity and the origin of the formulation of the confession of faith. The encyclical Fides et ratio, which is the primary source of this work, combines philosophy with theology. The study of philosophy is an essential part of theology and together they support the search for truth. Today's theological reflection emphasizes important aspects in matters of understanding the nature of man and the meaning of life. This truth is available only in the search for God, which is the culmination of every theological reflection. Keywords Word,...
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Aristotle's ethics from the position of Anglo-Saxon thought
Kubica, František ; Hogenová, Anna (advisor) ; Blažková, Miloslava (referee)
The thesis deals with the ethical philosophy of ancient thinker Aristotle and with the development of this philosophy in later periods. The thesis is divided into four chapters, in which the author deals first with Aristotle's ethics, next describes how this ethics changed in Epicureanism, Stoicism and Christianity - in the works of Augustin Aurelius and Thomas Aquinas. In the third part the thesis focuses on decline of Aristotelian ethics and rise od I. Kant's ethics. Finally in the last chapter, the thesis deals with the revival of Aristotelian ethics in the works of A. MacIntyre. The thesis is written from the point of view of the Anglo-Saxon thought. That is reflected in its structure and the choose of literature.
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Moral obligation as sociological fact and theoretical problem: a debate between Bergson and Kant
Palmea, King Reinier ; Ottmann, François (advisor) ; Serban, Claudia (referee)
This work aims to explicate the difference between Bergson and Kant's concept of obligation in light of Bergson's critique of Kant in his book Les Deux Sources de la Morale et Religion (The Two Sources of Morality and Religion). From what perspective does this critique and reading of Kant originate? I argue that it lies in their different approaches to morality. On one hand, Bergson views moral obligation as a sociological and anthropological fact. He applies an existential approach in his moral theory because the anthropological fact he engages with, namely the phenomenon of barbarism during the First World War, provides the framework for his typology of closed and open morality, and his critique of deontology. On the other hand, Kant considers morality as a theoretical problem; morality is a conceptual engagement-an investigation of the concepts that morality presupposes. Their divergent approaches underpin (1) the difference in their conception of freedom in relation to morality and (2) their conception of mysticism as a possible ground for morality. Keywords: obligation, reason, pressure, aspiration, morality, freedom, autonomy, moral creativity, mysticism
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Comparison of Augustin and Thomas Aquinas philosophy and ethics
Havránek, Zdeněk ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
This Thesis deals with the philosophy and ethics of St.Thomas Aquinas and of St. Augustine. At first I characterize the time period then I am focusing on each cathegory concerning moral life of human being in the world such as God, soul, will, goodness, evil and happiness as well. My goal is to show the real purpose of human existence and to show how both philosophers understand individual topics, what is the same and different in their opinion.
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Antonio Fogazzaro's Little World of the Past
Jarošková, Karolína ; Flemrová, Alice (advisor) ; Pelán, Jiří (referee)
Antonio Fogazzaro's best-known novel The Little World of the Past, which was published in 1895 and deals with the love story which takes place in the vicinity of lake Lugano in northern Italy on the background of Italian unification called Risorgimento and evolves themes of belief and of conflict of different views of life. The novel is put into the European cultural and intellectual context, in which The Decadent movement was the main stream of this period. It is concentrated on the Italian history and literary movements as well. Furthermore there is the introduction of the author - Antonio Fogazzaro, which is focused mainly on his life and works. The main part of this thesis is dedicated to the novel itself and to its analysis like plot, the characters of the protagonists and the main themes, such as the occultism, the Catholicism, the conflict between belief and reason, and the conflict between progress and tradition. In conclusion there is the summary of the observations of the analysis and estimation of the contribution of the novel to Italian society.
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C. S. Lewis and the Language of Modern Apologetics
Šmejdová, Barbora ; Novotný, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Červenková, Denisa (referee) ; Štěch, František (referee)
ThLic. Bc. Barbora Šmejdová Title of the thesis: C. S. Lewis and the Language of Modern Apologetics Abstract The dissertation thesis is devoted to the question of what kind of language we should use in contemporary apologetics to make Christian message communicable to unbelievers. This question is approached through the work of C. S. Lewis. After the introduction and biography of the author, the thesis provides the analysis of Lewis' gnoseological starting points. In this chapter, we are trying to show that Lewis is able to pay attention to the present accent on subjective perspective without getting trapped in relativism. The next chapter focuses on Lewis' theory of language. For his view, the theme of myth and metaphor is central. Together with Lewis, we come to the conclusion that human language is metaphorical, but we can still touch truth. This journey is not easy, though. To be able to make readers approach truth, the author has to live in truth. That is why the next chapter is devoted to the theological interpretation of imagination and shows that authentic Christian imagination is an integral part of each good apologetic text. The last chapter is focused on the genres of apologetics and, based on Lewis' work, presents their benefits and restrictions. Keywords C. S. Lewis; language of apologetics;...
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From Descates' Mind to Kant's Reason
Dekastello, Petr ; Hill, James (advisor) ; Palkoska, Jan (referee)
The basic subject-matter of my research is R. Descartes' Meditations On First Philosophy and I examine the term intellect and its position within the mind and its relation to thought. My work includes a study of sensation and imagination which provide the intellect with "material" to judge. The objective of my thesis is to demonstrate the role the intellect plays in terms of reason and to present an interpretation of the way in which the mind is designated in relation to reason according to Rene Descartes in his writing and in his responses to objections. The position and functions of the intellect are understood as a logical structure of mutual dependence and as the elements essential for the understanding of the human soul substance. At the end of my thesis I demonstrate that the system of reason of R. Descartes might be considered as the basis for the transcendental conception of reason in Kant's philosophy, which leads to an idealistic world conception and is founded on thinking a priori. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Philosophy as Passionate Interest
Strobachová, Ingrid ; Pinc, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Haškovcová, Helena (referee) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
The purpose of my dissertation is to analyze and further elaborate upon its main topic: the questions that are of a mutual deep interest to both medicine and philosophy. The dissertation has three parts. In the first part, I will introduce some of the key terms that will be used throughout the text. The second part, central to my work, is concerned with three possibilities that are offered to us - play and playing, dream and dreaming, poetic being - all become the places where comprehending, listening (to both the speech and the silence) and responding materialize. Playing, dreaming, poetic being - each offers our daily reality the beauty of transcending its borders without destroying them; in fact, they become a free spirited, passionate interest that enhances and makes valuable the ordinariness and finiteness of our daily lives. Freedom and Responsibility; I and the Other Person; Illness and Hope - each having its physical aspect and each being considered through the dimensions of seriousness and unseriousness, reason and unreason - will be rethought through playing, dreaming and poetic being, providing new insights of an engaged, passionate practice of philosophy and medicine. The third part, concerned with application on the two areas - I, the Child, and the Parenthood; and the Therapist and...
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Language, speech and understanding
Zajíc, Václav ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Benyovszky, Ladislav (referee) ; Zika, Richard (referee)
This thesis studies different conceptions of knowledge as they were conceived by George Berkeley and Immanuel Kant. In the first chapter we concentrate on Berkeley's pragmatic interpretation of knowledge which is based on the localization of the non-predicative judgements into the inner structure of perception. As the result there is such knowledge which is by human being used to identification of conditions for the formation of particular combinations of ideas and also to their more or less exact prognosis. We concentrate also on Berkeley's attempt to avoid "ontological" or "absolute" interpretations of "traditional concepts of metaphysics" as ,substance', an absolute existence of non-egoistic matterial being etc. In the second chapter of this thesis we are trying to study in which way is the idea of knowledge being transformed, in case that the starting point for interpretation of knowledge is, according to Kant, descriptive analysis of synthetic judgements a priori, whose proposition is the synthesis of subject and predicate. We will show that Kant contributed to the new understanding of metaphysics as transcendental research possibility of knowledge, and how were thanks to that meanings and status of subject and object transformed. We will make in the third and closing chapter complete...
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The abyss of the imagination: reason, limit and freedom in Kant's and Schelling's aesthetics
Rodriguez, Juan José ; Carlson, Sacha (advisor) ; Vrabec, Martin (referee)
In this dissertation we propose to study the identification of the productive imagination with reason within Schelling's aesthetic idealism, an identification which leads us to propose, in what follows, an "inverted" philosophical reading of the power of aesthetic judgement of the Critique of the power of judgement (1790) of Kant, based on the monist- immanent metaphysics of Schelling's System of Identity (1801-1804). This approach to Kant's third Critique also demonstrates the originality of this dissertation, since the traditional reading of the Critique of the power of judgement with German idealism has underlined, from Hegel to Lukacs or Hartmann, the centrality of the teleological part of the work of 1790. The authors of German idealism and romanticism mainly saw teleological judgment as a factor of unity between the theoretical and practical domains. This point of the Kantian argument can be seen as a link between Spinoza and Hegel regarding the concepts of organism, totality and reciprocal action, which Hegel mainly brings into play in his conception of a system. In this dissertation, we will travel a more winding and heterodox path, less explored, which focuses on the objective potential of the aesthetic phenomenon, as well as on its scope and limits, in the reverse transition that we...
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